Owning a used excavator can be a rewarding investment, especially for contractors and construction enthusiasts looking to save costs. However, like any heavy machinery, excavators require regular maintenance and occasional repairs. Knowing which issues you can tackle yourself and when to call in a professional can save time, money, and frustration. This guide will help you navigate common excavator issues, offering solutions for DIY repairs and advice on when professional help is needed.
Common Issues with Used Excavators
Hydraulic Leaks of Used Excavator
DIY Approach:
Inspection: Start by visually inspecting hydraulic hoses, fittings, and cylinders for any signs of oil seepage or wetness. Pay special attention to areas where hoses bend or connect.
Tightening Fittings: Use a wrench to tighten any loose fittings. Be careful not to overtighten, as this can cause further damage.
Hose Replacement: If you identify a damaged hose, disconnect it from the hydraulic system. Measure the length and diameter, and purchase a replacement hose from a hardware store or dealer.
Fluid Refill: After repairing, refill the hydraulic system with the appropriate fluid as specified in the owner’s manual. Be sure to bleed the system to remove any air pockets, which can affect performance.
When to Call a Professional:
If you find multiple leaks or if the hydraulic system is unresponsive after your repairs, it may indicate a more serious underlying issue requiring professional diagnosis.
Electrical Problems of Used Excavator
DIY Approach:
Battery Check: Inspect the battery terminals for corrosion. Clean them with a wire brush and reconnect securely. If the battery is old, consider replacing it.
Fuses: Refer to the fuse box diagram in the manual, locate the blown fuses, and replace them. Keep spare fuses on hand for quick replacements.
Wiring Inspection: Check wires for fraying or damage, especially around moving parts. Use electrical tape to secure minor frays temporarily, but replace damaged wires as soon as possible.
When to Call a Professional:
If you suspect issues with the alternator or starter motor, or if there are intermittent electrical failures that are difficult to trace, professional assistance may be necessary.
Track and Undercarriage Repairs of Used Excavator
DIY Approach:
Track Tensioning: Use a track tension gauge to ensure proper tension. Adjust according to the specifications in the operator’s manual.
Track Shoe Replacement: For minor repairs, remove the damaged shoe by loosening bolts with a socket set. Install the new shoe using the same bolts, ensuring they are tightened to the recommended torque settings.
Visual Inspection: Regularly check for wear on rollers, sprockets, and idlers. Replace components as needed to avoid further damage.
When to Call a Professional:
If tracks are excessively worn or misaligned, causing operational issues, a professional can realign or replace tracks correctly, ensuring optimal performance.
Fluid Changes of Used Excavator
DIY Approach:
Oil Change: Warm up the engine slightly, then drain the old oil using a drain pan. Replace the oil filter using an oil filter wrench. Refill with new engine oil as specified in the manual.
Hydraulic Fluid and Coolant: Follow a similar process for hydraulic fluid changes. Make sure to bleed the system after refilling. For coolant, check for leaks and replace as necessary, ensuring the system is properly bled to prevent overheating.
When to Call a Professional:
If you’re unsure about the right type of fluid or have difficulty accessing certain components, a mechanic can ensure the job is done correctly.
Engine Issues of Used Excavator
DIY Approach:
Air Filter and Spark Plugs: Remove the air filter and clean or replace it if dirty. For spark plugs, remove them using a socket wrench and inspect for wear; replace them if necessary.
Listen for Noises: Pay attention to engine sounds. Knocking or pinging can indicate issues that need immediate attention.
When to Call a Professional:
If you encounter engine warning lights or if the engine fails to start after basic troubleshooting, seek professional help for diagnostics.
General Tips for DIY Repairs
Consult the Manual: Always refer to your excavator’s owner manual for specific repair guidelines and maintenance schedules.
Document Repairs: Keep a log of all repairs and maintenance work done on the machine. This can help track recurring issues and inform future repairs.
Safety First: Prioritize safety when working on your excavator. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow safe work practices.
Invest in Tools: Having the right tools can make repairs easier and more efficient. Consider investing in quality tools designed for heavy machinery.
Conclusion
Owning a used excavator can come with its share of challenges, but many repairs can be tackled successfully by diligent owners. By understanding common issues and knowing when to call in a professional, you can maintain your excavator effectively and keep it running smoothly. Regular maintenance not only prolongs the life of your machine but also ensures safety and efficiency on the job site. Whether you choose to do it yourself or seek professional help, staying proactive about repairs will result in a more reliable and productive excavator.